Elizabeth Fisher’s Carrier Bag Theory of Evolution argues that, rather than hunting tools, the first cultural device used by humans was probably a carrier bag, which allowed them to transport the vegetables they gathered. Ursula K. Le Guin’s 1986 essay, The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction, expanded this idea, moving away from the notion of the weapon-wielding hero. Based on these works, Ghost Stories: The Carrier Bag Theory of Architecture, Turkish participation to the Biennale Architettura 2023, suggests listening to and understanding the stories of abandoned buildings, rather than focusing on more heroic, successful examples.